The End Of The Civil War - 1487 Words

After the American Civil War, African Americans believed that their lives would improve. The Union had won the war, and the United States was whole again. There was hope, and above all, they were finally free. Even things were changing inside the government. Before the Civil War ended, Abraham Lincoln realized the states needed to have government officials loyal to the Unionist cause if the war was to end. So, after encouraging Arkansas to ratify a new state constitution in 1864, Arkansas citizens elected Isaac Murphy as Governor in hopes that Arkansas would rejoin the Union. He proved successful. Arkansas rejoined the Union at the end of the war. Moving forward three years after war, Powell Clayton â€Å"became the one of the youngest governors in Arkansas history† at the age of 34. In his inaugural address, he explained to the citizens everything he intended to do while governor. He warned that if anyone was caught keeping voters from the polls, they would face â €Å"severe pains and penalties of an outraged law† , and he declared that he would form a militia. Clayton, also, encouraged immigration and the railroad, and encouraged citizens to pay off their debts. Most importantly, Clayton created the Board of Education and required the formation of better school systems. All of the ideas presented were great in theory. It made it seem that Arkansas was full of promise for everyone. However, due to several groups of people and certain events, white Unionists andShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The Civil War796 Words   |  4 Pagesgave up the Confederate’s capital of Richmond. (Farmer, 2016) This has been marked throughout history as the end of the Civil War. The war was over before it ever began. Not to make this sound all one sided, meaning that the Union had all the advantages. The Confederate Army had many of their own advantages. The South was made up of 750,000 square miles, which held most of the Army’s War Coll eges. Southern gentleman made for better Soldiers as a results of them being all farmers, hunters, andRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War792 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Henry Woodfin Grady gave his speech in December of 1886 it had been right around twenty years since the end of the Civil War. The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history and happened due to the clear split in lifestyle and values between the North and the South. Grady compares the North and the South to the Puritans and Cavaliers. These two groups of people had completely different lifestyles and values. He acknowledges that the two groups eventually had to come together just likeRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1073 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass once said â€Å"What a change now greets us! The Government is aroused, the dead North is alive, and its divided people united†¦The cry now is for war, vigorous war, war to the bitter end, and war till the traitors are effectually and permanently p ut down† (Allen, 2005). In 1861, the start of the Civil War was needed by the Confederacy and the Union. Ever since the American Revolution and the birth of the United States, seventy-eight years earlier, there were many disagreements thatRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1568 Words   |  7 PagesThere were many factors that contributed to the beginning of the Civil War. Socially, the North and South were built on very different standards. The North was known as the â€Å"free-states† in which they had more immigrants settling in its boundaries. In the North labor was very much needed, within this time it is important to understand that in terms of labor, labor of slaves was not needed. Not in that way. Therefore, the North was made up of a more industrialized society where most people workedRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1577 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the end of the Civil War, the most challenging, and equally important task for the federal government of the US wa s to reconstruct the defeated South and establish equality for the African Americans. A highly debated and crucial topic in this time period was the rights of the free black men to vote. â€Å"The goal of Reconstruction was to readmit the South on terms that were acceptable to the North –full political and civil equality for blacks and a denial of the political rights of whites who wereRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Lara/Mr. Doyle Dec 7 2016 Fords Theatre The end of the civil war was drawing near, and Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America was looking forward to the reconstruction of his country. He went out for a play at Fords Theatre. While enjoying the play he was shot in the back by an assassin . This assination changed the future of America, and affects us today. At the end of the Civil War there were very different plans for reconstructing the nation wereRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1228 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the Civil War, the fact that slavery was abolished might seem to be the end of the story; however, the problems derived from the abolishment of slavery had yet to be addressed. During the Reconstruction Era, these problems were reflected on the political, social, and economic aspects. Which played several major roles in shaping America from the late nineteenth into the twentieth centuries.These three aspects, political, social, and economical, affected one another so much that they were inseparableRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1446 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War, fought from 1861 thru 1865, not only divided the nation into north and south but also became the bloodiest war in American history with over 600,000 casualties. Furthermore, ties between the already unpopular President Abraham Lincoln and congress, to include majority of his cabinet, broke making it ever more evident the discontent of the political body with the decisions the president would make in the months leading to the end of the war. As the war came to an end and the roadRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1432 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing the Civil War, the Government acquired the task of reassembling the country in a way that would not destroy the peace that had come since the war’s end. Reconstruction centered around striking a balance between the rights of African Americans and white Southerners in order to create a sense of equality in America. Before his untimely death in 1865, Lincoln had begun the task of putting the country back together with the 10% plan. He aimed to pardon every southern Confederate, and readmitRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1807 Words   |  8 Pages The end of the Civil War should have signified the end of slavery as well; however, this was far from the truth. Presid ent Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation referred to only slaves within the southern states (Byng). African Americans found themselves no longer bound to their plantation homes, but they also found themselves without the means or rights needed to make new lives. Many of the attitudes and discriminatory practices present prior to the Civil War were still in effect and continued

Frankenstein Study Guide - 14107 Words

THE GLENCOE LITERATURE LIBRARY Study Guide for Frankenstein by Mary Shelley i To the Teachern The Glencoe Literature Library presents full-length novels and plays bound together with shorter selections of various genres that relate by theme or topic to the main reading. Each work in the Library has a two-part Study Guide that contains a variety of resources for both you and your students. Use the Guide to plan your instruction of the work and enrich your classroom presentations. In For the Teacher you will find these time-saving instructor aids: †¢ About the Work: pertinent background information on the work and a detailed synopsis of its plot. †¢ Media Links: annotated listings of audio, visual, electronic, and print†¦show more content†¦The story opens and ends with the letters of an explorer named Robert Walton, who is searching for the source of magnetism in the northern polar regions. There he finds and rescues Dr. Victor Frankenstein from certain death in the icy ocean. While he is recovering, Frankenstein tells Walton the story of his life. Set withi n Frankenstein’s narrative and Walton’s letters is the first-person story told by the creature Frankenstein created. Frankenstein, a young man from a happy family in Geneva, Switzerland, becomes obsessed with the idea of bestowing life on inanimate matter. He studies chemistry and new theories of electricity at a German university. With this knowledge and with body parts from corpses, Frankenstein creates a large manlike being and brings it to life with an electric spark. Finding the creature grotesquely ugly when it is animated, Frankenstein runs away from it. The creature quickly disappears. For months afterward, Frankenstein suffers from what he calls a â€Å"nervous fever† in which hallucinations of the creature torment him. After his recovery, Frankenstein learns that his young brother William has been murdered near the family home in Switzerland. A young woman who lived with the Frankenstein family is unjustly accused and hanged for the child’s murd er. On his trip home, Frankenstein sees the creature and realizes that he killed the child. Frankenstein seeks solitude high in the Alps, andShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein Study Guide Essay4280 Words   |  18 PagesFRANKENSTEIN Study Guide Homework: Please write your answers on separate paper. Letters 1-4 1. Who is writing Letter 1 (and all the letters)? Robert Walton 2. To whom is he writing? What is their relationship? Mrs. Saville, his sister 3. Where is Robert Walton when he writes Letter 1? Why is he there? What are his plans? St. Petersburg, Russia. He is hiring a crew for his ship. He intends to sail to the North Pole and discover magnetism. 4. What does Robert Walton tell us aboutRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral 1. Title: Frankenstein 2. Author: Mary Shelley 3. Date of publication: Jan 1, 1818 4. Novel type: horror, Gothic, science fiction and tragedy Structure 1. Point of view: Throughout most of the novel it is a first person narrative. The main narrator s victor Frankenstein however there are 2other narrators too; Walton and the monster. Walton’s narration is through letters. 2. Relationship to meaning: The first person narration helps the reader see things from the characterRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - Original Writing1177 Words   |  5 Pagesargue that the gothic genre is a reaction to the Age of Reason. This movement stressed the power of the human mind. Frankenstein is categorized as this. Identify the genre and specify how this work fits its characteristics. The genre is gothic science fiction. It combines fiction, horror, and romanticism. It display horror in that many murders and deaths took place. Also, Frankenstein was seen as an enemy that struck horror in people’s faces. It is also science fiction because Mary Shelley presentsRead MoreEssay about Frankenstein, the Modern Prometheus?1373 Words   |  6 PagesFRANKENSTEIN, THE MODERN PROMETHEUS? In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek obsessively to satisfy their Promethean longings to conquer the unknown - supposedly in the service of their fellow-humansRead MoreThe Duality of Man: Connections Between Victor and the Monster in Frankenstein1631 Words   |  7 Pages The classic gothic novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley details the relationship between two significant figures, Victor Frankenstein, and his unnamed monster. The critical relationship between such characters causes many literary critics to compose the idea that they are bound by nature – inadvertently becoming a single central figure (Spark). This provides provoking thoughts on the duality of mankind, revealing the wickedness of human nature. The role of the monster as an alter ego to Victor isRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel â€Å"Frankenstein†, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, â€Å"the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek obsessively to satisfy their Promethean longings to â€Å"conquer the unknown† - supposedly in the service of their fellow-humans†. ThisRead MoreThe Myth of Prometheus in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Myth of   Prometheus in Frankenstein    Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein as a modern day version of the legend of Prometheus. Prometheus created men out of clay and taught them the arts of civilisation (Websters World Encyclopedia CD-ROM 1999). Zeus, the chief god of the Titans, wanted to destroy Prometheus creation but Prometheus stole fire from heaven to help mankind. Zeus punished Prometheus by chaining him to a rock where an eagle would feed on his liver during the day and each nightRead MoreConsequences For Playing God By Victor Frankenstein1438 Words   |  6 PagesCody Flowers Miss. Sibbach English IV 11 December, 2015 Consequences for Playing God Victor Frankenstein in the book Frankenstein faces many terrible situations and has to face many consequences for trying to play God’s role in creating life. Victor seen and dealt with many situations as a young boy that will lead to his madness and obsession with science. Victor has always been intrigued with science and life ever since he was a boy. He studied natural science endlessly trying to master how to createRead MoreEssay on Frankenstein: Development through Romanticism1614 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is a Gothic and Romantic novel written in the early 1800s. The novel opens with Captain Robert Walton as he is sailing on his ship on the search for new and undiscovered territory. During his exploration, Robert’s ship becomes trapped in ice, and he encounters Victor Frankenstein, who looks miserable. When Robert begins to talk to Victor, Victor starts to explain his life story, which ends up being a complete tragedy. Victor tells Robert of his desire to discover theRead MoreFrankenstein And His Creature As One1558 Words   |  7 PagesNick Kelley Ms. Romaguera English IV- A Period 4/7/15 Frankenstein and his creature as one When hearing the word Frankenstein society imagines a boxy looking creature with metal pegs in his neck and a scar on his forehead; in reality Frankenstein is Dr. Victor Frankenstein, the creator of this monster. In the science fiction novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley examines the deep connection between a creator and his creation. This deep connection perhaps explains the identity confusion between the doctor

Bernard Madoff Fraud Free Essays

Abstract This report allows the facts to be known concerning the still mysterious case of Bernard L. Madoff and his longtime investment securities activities, which eventually turned into an enormous fraud of incomparable size. In this report, you will begin to understand how Bernard Madoff was able to execute such an elaborate fraud. We will write a custom essay sample on Bernard Madoff Fraud or any similar topic only for you Order Now The illegal business behavior found in this case is too numerous to count however, quite a few will be identified. In addition, the roles of the perpetrators, accomplices, and their involvement in this scheme will be made known. This fraud had such an enormous impact on the victims, we will examine several implementations that the private investors could have implemented to protect themselves. An assessment of the perpetrators motives and the identity of some internal controls that could have deterred or prevented the fraud from occurring will be explored also. We will discover the action of the SEC and document how the fraud was discovered and investigated, including what should have been identified as â€Å"red flags†. And finally, a variety of legal actions arose when the Madoff fraud was uncovered, which is leading to more litigation currently and in the future. The Bernard Madoff’s Fraud Introduction Bernard L. Madoff was the mastermind and the admitted operator of the biggest Ponzi scheme in American History. His Ponzi scheme is considered to be the largest financial fraud in U. S. history. He stole millions maybe billions of dollars from unsuspecting clients. Lives were shattered and fortunes ruined. He was a very savvy business man and trader until his investment scandals were revealed at the end of 2008. Bernard Madoff is a former American businessman, stockbroker, investment advisor, and financier. He is a former non-executive chairman of NASDAQ stock market. As the former chairman of the NASDAQ, Bernard Madoff had built a reputable business domain that continuously paid admirable dividends to investors; however, during the investigations by several federal government agencies, devastating facts against Bernard Madoff proved that he was running an elaborate ponzi scheme in order to attract a large number of investors from all over the world. (NBC, 2009) (â€Å"Bernard Madoff Fraud,† 2012) Bernard Madoff managed and controlled his ponzi scheme by using an Investment Securities Limited Liability Company he founded in 1960. He was chairman of this company and continued to operate his scheme until he was discovered in 2008. The fraud concerning Bernard Madoff was and still is the being covered by the media and it is suspected that the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was notified and made aware on more than one occasion about this matter but they chose to ignore the information given to them. Perhaps there are more charges that can be filed, although Madoff’s numerous offenses may already be enough to keep him in prison for the rest of his life. Markopolos, 2010) (â€Å"Bernard Madoff Fraud,† 2012) How Madoff Executed the Fraud Madoff’s scheme to defraud his clients at Bernard Lawrence Madoff Investment Securities (BLMIS) began as early as 1980 and lasted until its exposure in 2008. Bernard carried out this scheme by soliciting billions of dollars under false pretenses, failing to invest investors’ funds as promised, and misappropriating and converting in vestors’ funds to benefit Madoff, himself, and others without the knowledge or authority of the investors. To execute the scheme, Madoff solicited and caused others to solicit potential clients to open trading accounts with Bernard Lawrence Madoff Investment Securities (BLMIS) on the basis of a promise from him. He promised to use investor funds to purchase shares of common stock, options and other securities of large, well-known corporations, and representations that he would accomplish high rates of return for client, with limited risk. (â€Å"United states of,† 2009) Among other things, MADOFF marketed to clients and prospective clients an investment strategy referred to as a â€Å"split strike conversion† strategy. Clients were promised that Bernard Lawrence Madoff Investment Securities (BLMIS) would invest their funds in a basket of approximately 35-50 common stocks within the Standard Poor’s 100 Index (the â€Å"SP l00†), a collection of the 100 largest publicly traded companies in terms of their market capitalization. MADOFF claimed that he would select a basket of stocks that would closely mimic the price movements of the S;P 100. MADOFF urther claimed that he would opportunistically time those purchases, and would be â€Å"out of the market intermittently, investing clients’ funds in these periods in United States Government issued securities such as United States Treasury bills. MADOFF also claimed that he would hedge the investments that he made in the basket of common stocks by using investor funds to buy and sell option contracts related to those stocks, thereby limiting potential losses caused by unpredictable changes in stock prices. â€Å"United states of,â⠂¬  2009) Madoff’s Illegal Business Behaviors Exposure Federal prosecutors filed a total of eleven charges against Bernard Madoff. The first of those charges was for securities fraud. The crime of securities fraud involves false claims of investment security holdings, and misinformation regarding stocks and brokerage advice. Sensational insider information is also considered a component of this criminal activity. Another major charge involved three counts of money laundering, both domestically and through international accounts. Money laundering is the funneling of revenue acquired illegally into new monetary arrangements, with the intent of concealing this revenue’s original origins. Plus, in connection with both his securities and investment adviser businesses, prosecutors also charged Madoff with mail and wire fraud. These offenses involve initiating schemes using either the United States Postal Service or telephone systems toward obtaining money and/or property in a false or unlawful manner. (Tomaszewshi, 2010) Perpetrators Involved in Bernard Madoff’s Fraud It’s certainly not uncommon for one’s son or daughter to enter into an identical business relationship as a successful family member such as a parent. However, in Bernie Madoff’s case this approach was taken to extreme levels of nepotism. Peter Madoff entered his brother’s firm in 1967, and as business prospered he began to accumulate several executive titles: Senior Managing Director, Head of Trading, and even Chief Compliance Officer for both the broker-dealer and more secretive investment advisor business models. Bernie’s sons Mark and Andrew joined the firm in the mid-to-late 1980s, and eventually were made co-directors of Madoff Securities International in London, England. Bernie’s nephew Charles joined up in 1978, and became the Director of Administration for the investment firm. And Peter’s daughter Shana was hired on in 1995, and served as in-house Legal Counsel and Rules Compliance attorney for the broker-dealer business. Other parties greatly impacted by Bernie Madoff’s activities were his business associates and their many clients over the decades. For example, Frank Avellino and Michael Bienes themselves funneled over three thousand clients to Madoff’s investment advisory business. Madoff had consistently advised the pair to remain unregistered in their dealings. But when the SEC accused the duo of illegally selling securities, Madoff pretended ignorance of their activities, even though he had secretly instructed them all along. For their trouble, Avellino and Bienes were forced to pay a fine of three hundred and fifty thousand dollars and shut their business down. Other notable business partners eventually left in the lurch by Madoff’s growing fraud would go on to include Jeffrey Tucker and Walter Noel of Fairfield Greenwich Group. Non-related people who had worked under Bernie Madoff also became tainted from the association following his arrest. This employee group includes those who may have had indirect dealings through Madoff subsidiaries like Cohmad Securities Corporation. However, the idea also applies to those employed directly, such as former executive assistants Elaine Solomon and Eleanor Squillari. Jeffry Picower was in industrialist and philanthropist who seemed to be a favored Madoff beneficiary, and made outlandish profits from his investments with Madoff. From 1996-2007 there were 14 instances of greater than 100% yearly returns and 25 of greater than 50%. From 1996-1999 his regular trading account made from 120-550% a year. Some evidence of backdating trades, instituted by Picower, has been presented by trustee Irving Picard. In December, 2010, his estate returned $7. 2 billion in profits to the government. Picower died before the settlement. (Tomaszewshi, 2010) Motives of the Perpetrators The various perpetrators who were involved in Bernard Madoff’s Ponzi scheme had different kinds of motives that were completely against the provisions evident in federal laws. Jeffry Picower had over twenty four different accounts with Investment Securities LLC and he operated them closely with Barbara who was also his wife. The motive of Jeffry Picower and his wife in Investment Securities LLC was to benefit from the cash windfall generated from devious deals according to reports; his investment into Madoff’s company was once worth over one billion dollars. Kirchner, 2010) Annette Bongiorno was a senior employee at Bernard Madoff’s illegal company and among her roles at the firm she was to brief investors concerning their returns which were all fictitious. Ezra Merkin was an investment expert who assisted Bernard Madoff to drain off extraordinary amounts of money from clients’ accounts and it later emerged that he had a conflict of interest in the Madoff company. With its headquarters in Connecticut, Fairfield Greenwich Company misled investors into buying stakes at Madoff‘s illegal firm and in return, the company received huge amounts of cash from Bernard Madoff. NBC, 2009) Frank DiPascali was also another essential figure in Bernard Madoff’s illegal investment scheme. One of the frauds committed by Frank is that he engaged in countless number of international money laundering activities to benefit Madoff’s scheme. In addition to this, DiPascali also gave Mr. Madoff expert advice on how to go about his illegal businesses without being caught or detected by the federal authorities. (Arvedlund, 2010) (â€Å"Bernard Madoff fraud,† 2012) Controls That Could Have Deterred the Fraud from Occurring Despite the fact that Bernard Madoff’s investment fraud was one of the largest to ever rock the United States of America, there are various strategies that might have prevented or deterred the fraud from occurring. To begin with, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) should have without delay acted on the numerous signals that it received from different quarters. As the main regulatory authority of American investment activities, it would have been easy to identify weaknesses in Bernard Madoff’s shady deals. A major loophole in the federal laws of the United States of America also had a significant input towards enabling Bernard Madoff’s illegal activities to spread at a very rapid rate; for instance, there is a provision that stipulates private companies in the United States should only pay 5% of their annual revenues. (NBC, 2009) (â€Å"Bernard Madoff fraud,† 2012) Implementations That Investors Should Have Used to Protect Themselves While some investors may yet believe they were tricked into believing Bernie Madoff’s elaborate confidence game, it is also arguable that there were means to protect themselves at their disposal. One method would be to practice due diligence whenever one is presented with new financial opportunities. Many investors were led astray on the poor advice of their won friends and family, which isn’t a fiscally sound means of verification. Independent research needs to be done on the workings of any financial organization, even those that are supposedly reputable on the surface. One should investigate third-party custodial relationships at investment firms, and review their auditing practices. (Tomaszewski, 2010) Another way to avoid fraud is to actively request documentation. Hand written notes from intermediaries are highly suspicious evidence that revenue is being transacted in a professional manner. Getting activity in writing must be joined to verifiable account numbers for auditing. Finally, a forceful amount of skepticism will often prevent one from falling into schemes which seem on the surface to be easy money generators. For instance, one should never believe the speculators on television. An unlicensed financial consultant is about as reliable an agent as allowing unreformed gambling addict free access to one’s personal treasury. Investors should not assume that overseers are actually doing their jobs, as even they might be in on the take. (Tomaszewski, 2010) The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Involvement Critics and popular journalists from prominent media houses in the United States of America have called into question the manner in which the Securities and Exchange Commission handled the fraud case involving Bernard Madoff. This is due to the fact that even the commission itself has acknowledged that it should have detected Madoff’s illegal activities as soon as they began. The first major mandate or responsibility of the Securities and Exchange Commission is to interpret the laws pertaining to federal securities; such as, the commission should have detected the fundamental flaws in Bernard Madoff’s investment activities at an earlier stage. The second major responsibility of the Securities and Exchange Commission is to work closely with international state and federal authorities towards ensuring that investment securities are controlled and channeled in the right paths. Arvedlund, 2010) Most notably the Securities and Exchange Commission failed to fulfill its mandate of evaluating the conduct of privately owned companies like Investment Securities LLC for a very lengthy time. The commission should have also been at the forefront of investigating the investment advisors who collaborated with Bernard Madoff to divert huge amounts of money from unsuspecting investors into their accounts. However, the Securities and Exchange Commission published a detailed report in the year of 2009 that documents how Bernard Madoff’s scam escaped their attention for all those years. (Strober, 2009) (Millstone, 2010) How Madoff’s Fraud was Discovered and Identifiable Red Flags His business came to be under the doubts of various financial analysts as early as 1999. They believed that the returns claimed by the company were only theoretically impossible. But organizations such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) completely ignored the doubts and Madoff continued with his overtures for almost another 10 years. He finally got caught in December 2008. He was trapped after he confessed about his dishonesty to his very own sons. He confessed to his sons of his investment business being nothing but a big Ponzi scheme. His sons now reported his father’s fraud to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Though Bernie confessed to have had started his Ponzi scheme in the 1990’s, investigators think otherwise. They believe the Ponzi scheme and defrauding of investors had begun in the 1980’s itself. Now what actually happened was that in the very first week of December 2008, Bernie Madoff discussed his dilemma over having to pay his clients an amount of almost $7 billion as he didn’t have that much funds. Now within the very next two days Bernie told his sons that he made a huge profit and had decided to give away an early bonus, amounting up to $173 million. This confused the sons and they called for an explanation from their father. This is when their father confessed that his whole company worked through a â€Å"giant Ponzi scheme†. On December 11th 2008, Bernie Madoff was taken into house arrest. Had the stock market not had been in a sharp decline in 2008, who knows how much longer the fraud could have continued. (Degrace, 2011) After writing that Madoff offers the biggest due diligence lesson for investors, some argued that the red flags are only obvious in hindsight and wouldn’t have been so clear if one had to make the decision before Bernard’s admission of running a Ponzi scheme. So let’s count the red flags to see if they were numerous enough and obvious enough to be easily recognized. (1) Madoff Investment Securities was both the broker dealer and investment advisor. (2) Madoff traded in the same securities that he recommended to advisory clients. (3) Madoff not only was the broker dealer, creating a conflict of interest where his firm was trading in the same securities as he was trading for clients, but he actually had custody of the assets. (4) They got into some hot water over some small compliance issues. Madoff’s firm was censured and fined a small amount $7,000. This meant they did have a blot on their records. (5) Jim Vos, head of Aksia – a hedge fund advisory firm, noticed that although Madoff’s firm was supposedly highly advanced and automated, they sent paper copies of their trading records to clients instead of providing electronic access to the firm’s trading platform. (6) Madoff Investment Securities’ auditors were Friehling Horowita, a 3 person team which consisted of one lone CPA with a small 13’ by 18’ office in New York. It hardly had adequate room to monitor a firm that traded a good chunk of NYSE and NASDAQ volume. 7) Shockingly enough, Madoff didn’t take the usual 2/20 fees most hedge funds do. Instead he only profited from the trades that his firm was doing for the â€Å"investment fund†, claiming that this was enough. Given this form of compensation, it is very possible most â€Å"sophisticated investors† assumed that Madoff was involved in some sort of shenaniga ns but turned a blind eye for those stable returns. (8) Madoff Investment Securities was a family business, with Madoff’s brother, sons and daughter as well as his niece (married to a previous compliance officer) all worked at the firm. â€Å"The madoff red,† 2008) The Case Resolution Bernie was charged of federal offences like securities fraud, mail fraud, wire fraud, perjury, and money laundering, false statement making only to name a few. He pleaded guilty and was banned from security investment business for a lifetime. He was sentenced to the highest degree of punishment possible under this act; an imprisonment of 150 years. He was sent to the Federal Prisons of North Carolina where he is registered as inmate number #61727-054 and his release from prison is dated November 14, 2134, a day he shall never see keeping in mind that he is now aged 71 years. Degrace, 2011) Conclusion Investment portfolios are one of the most recommended ways to enhance economic developmen t not only at a personal level but also at a national level. However, Bernard Madoff chose to follow the short-cut to success by defrauding billions of dollars from investors. He begun very humbly by establishing a company called Investment Securities Limited Liability Company; he had begun with a figure of $5,000 as a penny stock broker but apparently, he had accrued this money from his previous job where he worked as an installer of water sprinklers and also a guard. This took place in 1960 but little did investors know that it would grow to become the largest Ponzi scheme in the history of the United of America. Bernard Madoff drew assistance from all kinds of corners; various perpetrators who were involved in Bernard Madoff’s Ponzi scheme had different kinds of motives that were completely against the provisions evident in federal laws. However, all this culminated in the arrest and sentence of 150 years in prison on the 29th of Junes 2009. References 1. Arvedlund, E. (2010). Too good to be true: the rise and fall of Bernie Madoff. Penguin Group. . Bernard madoff’s fraud. (2012, June 07). Retrieved from http://www. customwritingtips. com/component/k2/item/8295-bernard-madoff’s-fraud. html 3. Degrace, T. (2011, April 14). Bernie madoff fraud the history of the $50b Ponzi scheme scam. Retrieved from http://www. stockpickssystem. com/bernie-madoff/ 4. Kirchner, B. (2010). The Bernard Madoff Investment Scam. NJ: Pearson educati on, Inc. 5. Markopolos, H. Casey, F. (2010). No one would listen: A true financial thriller. NJ: John Wiley Sons. 6. Millstone, K. (2010, March 09). How madoff pulled it off. Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/2100-500395 162-4862910. html 7. NBC (2009). How Madoff got away with fraud. Accessed on 8th December 2011 from http://www. theprosandthecons. com/videos/fraud/bm-how-madoff-got-away-w-fraud. htm 8. Strober, D. H. (2009). Catastrophe: The Story of Bernard L. Madoff, the Man Who Swindled the World. Phoenix Books. 9. The madoff red flags, let’s count them. (2008, December 17). Retrieved from http://www. tradersnarrative. com/the-madoff-red-flags-lets-count-them-2154. html 10. Tomaszewski, K. (2010, November 21). Bernard lawrence How to cite Bernard Madoff Fraud, Essay examples

Premier Gas Range An Evaluation Essay Example For Students

Premier Gas Range: An Evaluation Essay Many different ranges can be fit into small apartment. However, it takes a well designed, well-put-together and overall well-functioning range to comfortably suit the needs of a family. My intention by writing this essay is to evaluate the Premier 24 inch gas range that was included with my apartment. I hope to accomplish this by objectively assessing my experience throughout my use of the range. I will be pointing out both the pros and cons I have experienced. I will evaluate this range using the criteria of aesthetics, functionality and practicality. I will list the pros and cons associated with each criterion and then I will express my personal opinion based on my experience with the range. The range itself is not unaesthetic. Its color is white. Being only twenty four inches wide and twenty four inches deep, it is smaller than the more widely used 30 range. It has an oven that is also smaller than in a more common unit, and it has a slide-out drawer presumably for storing pans and bake ware. At its unusual length it leaves a space between its edge and my countertop allowing space for bits of food and other undesirables to fall in between. We will write a custom essay on Premier Gas Range: An Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This spacing problem however, is not uncommon no matter the range in question so I will not count that as one of the things I consider to be a con in regards to the Premier. The Premier is three feet, six inches high and there is a space of about eight inches between the two steel racks in the oven. There is no window or light inside the oven. There are four gas burners on the top. The stove burners are controlled by four dials positioned in a straight line across the face of the range. The dial for the oven sits directly in between the first two and last two stove dials. There are no markings of any kind, anywhere that indicate the temperature of neither the oven nor the stove burners. I found this quite odd. There are four iron guards over each stove-top burner allowing you to sit pans and pots directly over the gas flame. Each guard consists of an iron circle with three pieces of flat iron folded into V shapes with the angle of the V facing the center. The unit is described as a stand-alone unit, meaning its not connected to any ventilation or smoke fan. In regards to looks, there is not much particularly displeasing about this range. The fact that there is no temperature gages printed on the dials is certainly a huge drawback overall and is specifically a con associated with the appearance of a range. When looking at your stove, its important to be able to see that its possible to assess the temperature. Although unusual, the stoves size is advantageous when placed in a small kitchen. It is likely that a full size stove would look bulky and overbearing in a kitchen as small as mine; so in this case, the size of the stove works in its favor. My overall opinion is that the range is OK aesthetically. The function of a range is simple; to provide adequate heat for the purpose of cooking. The Premier 24 inch gas range does release heat. However I do not believe it does so accurately. Because there are no temperature gauges, finding the right temperature is very difficult to do. When using the oven, its impossible to know whether or not the oven is the right temperature for a recipe that calls for 375 degrees. The user of the range is forced to estimate, which in most cases results in either too much or too little heat. .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 , .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .postImageUrl , .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 , .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531:hover , .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531:visited , .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531:active { border:0!important; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531:active , .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531 .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub4fd5e987fe1718daccdf65bef812531:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ICT Educational Tour Narrative Report EssayAgain, I conclude that this is because of the units lack of temperature gauges. This lack of a fundamental part of the makeup of a range is a problem associated with all three of the areas of aesthetics, functionality and practicality. I also rate the functionality of this unit low because large amount of natural gas that is fed through the appliance. The somewhat large gust of gas released before the spark igniter ignites the flame and the amount of my natural gas bill during the summer month both allude to this. The former statements were the cons associated with the functionality of the range. In regards to the pros, the range does function as a range. However, it does not function as accurately and effortlessly as you would expect with a range. My overall evaluation of the functionality of the range is that it functions under-par when compared to other ranges of the same class. When evaluating the practicality of this range, the ranges performance in any given setting must be assessed. In this case, we look at the ranges performance in a small apartment, used by a family of four. The Premiers excess gas usage mentioned in the evaluation of its functionality also translates to excess heat produced by the range. This makes it less practical for use in a small space. Also, the fact that the Premier 24 inch range is a stand-alone-unit and is therefore not connected to any ventilation allowing the expulsion of hot air and smoke, adds to its impracticality. The ranges size however, makes it practical for a small apartment and is most likely along with the price of the range the reason that the Premier selected as the range of choice. In conclusion, when making an overall evaluation of the Premier 24 inch gas range, in the opinion of the writer, its possible to find a better functioning range that is more practical for a home this size and is just as aesthetically pleasing at, or around the same cost. When compared to other ranges of this class the Premier is rated low. However the evaluation if this range would have been considerably more favorable had there been one change; and that is the lack of temperature gauges, which in the opinion of most, is an essential part of any device or appliance used for cooking.

Educational Research Epistemological and Ontological Perspectives

Table of Contents Introduction Epistemological and Ontological Perspectives Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches Ethnography Interviews and Focus Groups Conclusion References Introduction Researchers ground their investigations on reflection of what they perceive and know about the social environment they are in. Epistemology and ontology are some of the fundamental principles that govern how a researcher conducts his or her research. This is because what the researcher knows reveals the persons they are since they act based on their internal world. Depending on the epistemological and ontological influence on the researcher, he or she chooses either a qualitative or quantitative approaches.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Research: Epistemological and Ontological Perspectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The qualitative approaches are ideal in educational research and the researcherâ€℠¢s knowledge and knowledge of others are inseparable to this approach. As a result, the phrase â€Å"the researcher you are is the person you are†, comes into light because in accordance with what the researcher knows, he identifies a gap and the most suitable methodology. Epistemological and Ontological Perspectives According to Johnson Duberley (2000), epistemology is the knowledge of, or it is about knowledge. Thayer-Bacon (1996) quotes Kant’s idea that what one knows depends on the external and internal world. As a result, she postulates that it becomes impossible to know the actual truth since what an individual sees as â€Å"truth or knowledge† is inherently flawed by a person’s social constructions (Thayer-Bacon, 1996). This is because individuals are born in a certain times defined by certain events, and in certain places and cultures, and therefore, no one is a neutral being. This has been reinforced by David Hustler (cited in Somekh Lewin, 200 5, p. 18), who states that one cannot enter into a field with a blank mind. There is usually that knowledge and truth that he or she possesses and either wants to oppose or enhance it. I tend to agree with the above propositions. Each individual possesses a certain kind of knowledge that he or she obtains from the culture and society that he or she lives in, not to mention the experiences encountered. This applies to the statement that the researcher you are is the person you are since the knowledge and truth possessed from the surrounding will influence the researcher’s way of doing things. A researcher is the person she or he is because he or she tends to delve into fields that ring at the back of his or her mind, or those which he or she has some bit of knowledge about. However, I agree with Popper, who felt that it is hard to gain absolute truth or knowledge. When research is carried out at a certain time, the knowledge established cannot be regarded as the absolute truth since when the same research is conducted at the same place but at a different time, a different kind of knowledge and truth will be established. Therefore, one cannot say that truth or knowledge is absolute but as a researcher, I try to understand the world that am living in by gaining knowledge that is applicable to that particular time.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ontology on the other hand involves nature of being, reality, and existence (Freimuth, 2009). It is therefore a field that focuses on knowledge of/about one’s or another’s existence. Sowa later broadened the initial definition associated with Ontology as devised by Aristotle to include the study of categories of existence (Sowa, retrieved 2008). The underpinning of ontology in educational research is comparable to the role of culture in understanding mathematical proof from a teaching-learning perspecti ve (Balacheff, 2002). Both ontology and epistemology therefore involve the essence of knowledge, truth, and being (Freimuth, 2009). In addition, they both aim at demystifying how educational research is influenced by social realities, or rather what we think social realities are to help in easily understanding the educational research process. A modified and easier definition of ontology is the study of what individuals knows, or what they think they know. On the other hand, epistemology is the study concerned with how individuals achieve knowledge, or how they think they achieve that knowledge (Freimuth, 2009). Ways by which a researcher’s knowledge and truth influences his own research are many. This is because a researcher tends to carry out research under a reflective microscope because the researcher’s beliefs about knowledge and truth contaminate the research. Hustler concurs with this rationale because he says that human beings live in a social world that they s eek to understand through research and there is need to take into account the interpretation and authorial position of researchers (cited in Somekn Lewin, 2005, p. 17). As a way of example, in a study that aims at identifying how socio-economic status influences performance of students, the researcher’s internal and external worlds greatly influence this research. To begin with, the research stems from the researcher’s internal world in that he or she seeks to understand why students perform they way in school based on the truth that he or she possesses regarding student’s performance: epistemological perspective. The desire to focus on socioeconomic status mainly stems from what the researcher has experienced from the environment: the ontological distinction. Epistemology is further applied to establish how socioeconomic status influences academic performance. According to Kuhn (1963), how a researcher views the world dictates his or her means of researching i t thereby describing the person that he or she is. Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches Quantitative and qualitative approaches are classified in terms of data used, method of analysis, logic employed, approach to explanation, type of explanation, and for some, in terms of the presumed underlying paradigm. Quantitative approach/method (ology) involves the handling of numerical data and use of statistical methods to analyze this data (Moody, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Research: Epistemological and Ontological Perspectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The choice of method to use is governed from an ontological standpoint in relation to the research questions (Borrego, Douglas, Amelink, 2009). The qualitative approach aims at establishing new knowledge, which would otherwise not be gained if an existing theory were imposed on the data. As a result, qualitative approaches are inductiv e, not deductive as compared with the quantitative approaches. Quantitative methods are applied when aiming at verifying an already formulated theory. It applies to objective studies, and is referred to as scientific research methods. Experimental research and surveys are good examples of quantitative methodology. These are different from a qualitative approach of educational research because they are independent of the researcher’s experiences and knowledge. Since the quantitative approach entails a view into the positivist world, a researcher who employs this research approach is perceived to be a positivist in nature. This is very much applicable in the current world where some individuals are very good in numbers while others are good narrators. Therefore, a positivist researcher will make use of objective observation and take precise measurements for statistical analysis. In educational research, the quantitative approach can be employed in a research that seeks to estab lish the number of students enrolled from a particular cultural setting. However, at a glance, one can detect the limitation imposed by this kind of research method (Houlette, et al., 2004). This is usually the main setback while using quantitative approaches in educational research; they tend to limit the complexity of social sciences like education. At times, the tools used are too complex for the students to understand and therefore, the eventual result is inaccurate information. Qualitative approach on the other hand is referred to as humanistic research methods. This approach entails qualitative/textual data such as that which is obtained from case studies and observations/surveys. Qualitative data analysis methods are used to analyze data (Moody, 2002). The qualitative methods are best used while carrying out research on human behaviour, or related subjective spheres where educational research is part (Richards, 2003). Since as earlier stated, the approach to be used by a rese archer is dependent on his or her way of understanding reality: ontology. Educational research is a social science that seeks to understand the natural world where people live thus employs the interpretive paradigm. Therefore, educational researchers employing qualitative approaches to research can be described as interpretivists.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The qualitative approach is rather friendly because of the available variety techniques befitting to different situations, and individuals. The qualitative approaches tend to capture the detailed and comprehensive world of social sciences thus, the most ideal for educational research. In addition, it allows the students to give their views in a natural form without alteration thereby; the researcher obtains first-hand information. The two approaches however are preferred by some researchers. Such researchers are versatile, a phenomenon that strongly faces major criticism. However, this is in accordance with what Moody states, â€Å"in practice no research is probably fully quantitative or qualitative, but rather a mixture of both† (Moody, 2002). Somekh Lewin (2005) substantiate this further because they believe that the use of both approaches is complementary rather than competitive. According to Bazeley (2004), the use of numbers requires interpretation, and counting is emp loyed where textual data is in use. This demonstrates that variables cannot be articulately categorized, and processes can be interpreted through a variety of ways like numeric analysis or narrative. This leads to the acceptability of mixed methods since clear-cut lines cannot be drawn. In educational research, a researcher will find him/herself employing both the quantitative and qualitative methods to gain knowledge like when grouping responses. The proposition that a researcher you are is the person you are in that the approach used is based on the techniques that a researcher intends to use. As an example, if a researcher is an interpretivist at heart, he or she may apply techniques such as focus group discussions, interviews, diaries, or field notes. Ethnography Ethnography originated from the need to have the voices of minority groups heard. In ancient UK schools, ethnography bent on exploring the classroom world, capturing the perspectives of both students and teachers, not t o mention generating rich case studies. Ethnography focused on giving a tale, mostly of the less visible members in the society. Early ethnographic studies tried to capture the natural world of the participants. Ethnography has focused on rich details of cultural scenes, what has been referred to as ‘thick description’ by Geertz (1988). It is rich and with thick descriptions because it entails a real encounter with a traveller’s journey. In the early times, ethnographers stayed in the community of study for 2 to 3 years learning the as many domains of the community. More recently, ethnographic studies have focused on enabling the voices of the participants to be heard on their own accord, and not through the lens of the researcher (Fine and Weiss, 1998). Contemporary ethnographers spend short periods of time in the community of study, and focus on one dimension of the community. In addition, recent focus is on solving community problems rather than learning about the community. Ethnography is a relevant method in educational research, especially in the contemporary times. It also resonates with me as a researcher. To begin with, it captures the actual daily lives of the participants as they unfold over a defined period of time. Secondly, one gets to have first-hand personal interaction with the participants. Therefore, the likelihood of biasness from the participant during data collection is very minimal. It takes up a mixed method approach, and is comprehensive enough to include the various study elements of social sciences. Ethnography is a qualitative kind of research. Ethnographic methods include participant observation, researcher reflection/journaling, face-to-face interviews, and analysis of archival records. These methods are recommended in a majority of the research methods books on educational research (Johnson, Christensen, 2008). As earlier mentioned, ethnography has focused on solving community problems. Therefore, it resonate s with the epistemological and ontological underpinnings of educational research because it relies both on the knowledge a researcher already has, and this knowledge influences the research process. Regardless of the amount of time a researcher spends observing and studying a particular community, his or her interpretations and cultural orientations tend to influence the research process. Therefore, in a study on how socioeconomic status influences students’ performance, the researcher interprets the findings commensurate with what he or she knows. Interviews and Focus Groups Focus group interviews are much preferred than individual interviews because they create a friendlier atmosphere since they are employed in a group where individuals are from the same socio-cultural background. As a result, they are encouraged to open up and talk freely in relation to the topic. Focus groups were initially developed in academic research when Emory Bogardus in 1926 used focus groups in so cial psychology to come up with social distance scale (Wilkinson, 2004). Since the mid twentieth century, focus groups were employed in market research (Munday, 2006). They have even gained more popularity in academic research in the fields of health and social sciences. The recent increase in popularity of focus groups is because they are easy and fast to conduct (Kroll, Barbour, Harris, 2007). Focus groups are a means through which a researcher can learn the comprehensive structure of a community at a cheap rate in terms of time and money. One can get the views of different people at a time. In addition, recently the use of focus groups has broadened to the extent that it relates to different social groups, development research, and cuts across cultures. This has been attributed to its collective nature and may be befitting to individuals who cannot express their thoughts and ideas clearly. It also acts as a source of collective power to the marginalized people. The researcher ac ts as a driver of the focus group discussion since he or she guides the generation of data based on the truth that he or she seeks to discover. Audio-tapes have been an important development in focus group discussions. Relying solely on what the participants say may lead to missing some vital information. The tape recorder enables the researcher to capture the focus group on the spot. The focus group methodology and interviews fall within the category of qualitative research. This is because they deal with textual data as they tend to collect data on attitudes, perceptions, behaviour, or opinions of the participants in relation to the research study topic (Cohen, Manion, Morrison, 2007). Depending on who the researcher is, he or she will choose a research method that is in agreement with him as a person. A researcher who is a keen listener will prefer to include interviews in his methodology. In addition, the researcher will choose to carry out a study that is in his or her area of interest, or something that has really been disturbing his/her mind. The intentions of, as well as the known nature of participants by a researcher draw him or her into using the focus group discussion. Since there are various disciplines in educational research as well as an array of research topics to choose from but, due to epistemological and ontological influence, the researcher will carry out a research on that topic that he or she is aware of and has identified a gap. He or she goes further to identify a suitable epistemological approach to filling in that gap of knowledge. This method (focus group method) is applicable in my proposal of summative environment because I will gain a comprehensive understanding of the attitudes, opinions and perceptions of different cultures. This is a very fundamental aspect of learning that should be understood because the socio-cultural setting of the family/development is attributable the learning of the students. In addition, students will talk more freely through the interactive groups. It will also capture the various dimensions of social science in terms of beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes. The students are the ones who know best where their problem in relation to performance originates from. The use of focus groups makes it possible for the students to feel at ease, unlike if it were an individual interview as the students may restrict some information. Ethnography is an ideal method to use but in relation to my summative assessment proposal, it is not the best as I would be prying into the privacy of my students’ family, making them feel somewhat uncomfortable. Conclusion Educational research makes use of a qualitative approach. The theoretical perspective of a study plays a fundamental role in determining the kind of approach to be used in explaining reality associated with a particular epistemology (Crotty, 2003). Depending on ontology, a researcher is able to come up with the right epistemological app roach. However, the kind of epistemological approach selected by a researcher is influenced by his or her own-self as a person as discussed in the content of this paper. The ontological factor leads to the formulation of research questions, which are answered by the chosen epistemological approach. A positivist researcher will choose a qualitative research method while a non-positivist/interpretive researcher will choose a qualitative method. There is the possibility of using mixed methods such as ethnography when both numerical and textual data are collected. Ethnography is one such method. References Balacheff, N. (2002). The Researcher Epistemology: A Deadlock for Educational Research on Proof. Web. Bazeley, P. (2004). Issues in Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Research. In Buber, J. Gadner, L. Richards. Eds. (2004). Applying qualitative methods to marketing management research. UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp141-156. Borrego, M., Douglas, E. Amelink, C. (2009). Qua ntitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Methods in Engineering Education. Journal of Engineering Education, 53-66. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. 6th ed. London and New York: Routledge. Crotty, M. (2003). The foundations of social research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Fine, M., Weis, L. (1998). Crime stories: A critical look through race, ethnicity, and gender. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 11 (3), 435– 459. Freimuth, H. (2009). Educational Research: An Introduction to Basic Concepts and Terminology. UGRU Journal, 8, 1-11. Geertz, C. (1988). Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Houlette, A., Gaertner, S., Johnson, K., Banker, B. and Riek, B. (2004). Developing a More Inclusive Social Identity: An Elementary School Intervention. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 1. Hustler, D. (2005). Chapter 1: Ethnography. In Somekh, B. Lewin, C. (2005). Res earch methods in the social sciences. London, UK: Sage Publications. Johnson, B., Christensen, L. B. (2008). Educational research: quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. 3rd ed. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications. Johnson, P. Duberley, J. (2000). Understanding Management Research. London, UK: Sage Publications. Kroll, T., Barbour, R., Harris, J. (2007). Using focus group in disability research. Qualitative Health Research, 17 (5), 690-698. Kuhn, T. S. (1963). The essential tension: tradition and innovation in scientific research. In Taylor, C. Barron, F. Eds. Scientific creativity: it’s recognition and development (pp. 341-154). N.Y.: Wiley. Moody, D. (2002). Empirical research methods. Web. Munday, J. (2006). Identity in focus: The use of focus groups to study the construction of collective identity. Sociology, 40 (1), 89-105. Richards, K. (2003). Qualitative inquiry in TESOL. New York, USA: Palgrave Macmillan. Somekh, B. Lewin, C. Eds. (2005). Research methods in the social sciences. London, UK: Sage Publications. Sowa, J. (n.d.). Ontology: definition and scope. Retrieved from http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/ Thayer-Bacon, B. (1996). An examination and redescription of epistemology. Paper Retrieved from ERIC database (ED 401279). Wilkinson, S. (2004). Focus groups: A feminist method. In Hesse-Biber, S. Yaiser, M. Eds. Feminist perspectives on social research (pp. 271–295). New York: Oxford University Press. This essay on Educational Research: Epistemological and Ontological Perspectives was written and submitted by user Leila Hardy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

ASA Format for Research Papers - A Full Guide for Students

ASA Format for Research Papers - A Full Guide for Students Many a format of writing exist. One such is ASA format (American Sociological Association), along with APA or MLA styles. ASA citation format causes difficulties to students, in spite of the fact that there is nothing hard about it. This format is the most common among scientists and academics. It is mostly used by students who study sociology. Those who want to publish their research  paper in publishing houses apply this style. Also, research essays are on the list. ASA format, like others, changes all the time depending on the primary sources. What Is ASA Format? Students of universities/colleges from the sociological departments have a task to write essays and look for a guide. They undertake a study looking for informational relevant sources. Before publishing their works, students write them according to the ASA format citation requirements. This style is similar to APA when it comes to citations in an assignment. The rules for quotations in the text in ASA format need to specify the first author's name, then the initial date of publication of the material to which you refer. Citing in ASA Format drives you crazy? Let us know! Some Crucial Things about ASA Citation Format The list of references should be written at the end of your scientific work; Each source cited should be included in the list of references, each of them should be cited in the work Start the list of links on a new page Insert a title of the references at the top, in the center of the page Make a one-half inch margin from the left side Firstly, specify the names of authors followed by their surnames If the work was written by a committee, the use of et al. would be unacceptable. The last rule of ASA citation format is to place in an alphabetical order the last names of the authors of each work. If using several works of the same author, write them in the order of publication, from the old to the new ones. Now that you know what is ASA format, start writing the assignment to reap the best results! Learn How to Cite in ASA Format Put the notes in the same arrangement as they appear on the page and make a numbering under the line. The order is a crucial thing in ASA citation format. If one firstly specifies the work of the writer, he should write his full name and the year of publication. Specify the page number in ASA format. In this case, it will be separated from the publication year by a column with no spaces. Simple Rules with ASA Format Example The assignment should be written in simple words and the Active Voice. Never use jargon, slang or general expressions in ASA format. Words such as â€Å"percent†, â€Å"versus† are written in words, do not abbreviate them. As for abbreviations in ASA citation format, use them in tables or graphs. Apply gender terms if they have important meanings in the analysis that is conducted. Be careful about ethnic and racial stereotypes. Describe race or ethnicity precisely e.g., Mexican instead of Latin American. In a case when one uses an abbreviation in the text, specify its full name in brackets. Once it is done, use the abbreviations. Need Help? Don’t Hesitate - Contact Us! ASA Bibliography Format Write a list of references on another page. Do not forget that it’s needed to make it in an alphabetical order by the author's name in ASA bibliography format. Apply hanging indent if using two or more authors' names of the same work. Write all the elements according to the rules of ASA paper format. If you want to indicate the writer for the second time, use six hyphens and a period instead of names. To discern the paperwork of the same author, add the letters, for e.g. 2015Ð °, 2017 b, 2018Ã' . ASA format citation is easy to make. For titles of books and periodicals, use italics or underline them. If there is no publishing date, apply the combination " N. d.". Specify not the city but the state of the place of publication. Draw on the abbreviation of the U.S. postal code. If the writer of the book is from other cities, specify the name of the country. Use online sources to check ASA format example. It would be easier to write the assignment if you have a general idea of how to cite in ASA format. Essay Writing Advice from Our Experienced Writer John Writing any kind of assignment requires a lot of time and effort. So try to start when you get the assignment. Put the emphasis on the researches. Conduct a study concerning your topic, make sure that you understand it. Find the answers to the key questions of the assignment; once it is done, start writing. Professional Custom Writing Service for Students Do you still have a question about how to write in ASA format? Now it's clear, ASA formatting requires great attention to details. If you have problems with using this format, feel free to order a scientific work from our company. Take a look at the ASA format sample paper on the website to know more. Be sure, you get an essay that will be written according to the requirements. Our experts correct, edit rewrite the work if you are not satisfied with the result. English speaking authors will write the best assignment. Do not hesitate and order an essay right now. You will see that your work will be in good hands.

Type 2 diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Type 2 diabetes - Essay Example If this process does not occur, then the blood sugar rises beyond the desired amount, which is 160 mg/dl on the upper limit (Macleod, 2007). Until recently, type II diabetes was considered to be a disease for the adults but current trends have shown that even children are at the risk of acquiring it thanks to poor lifestyles, which have culminated into numerous cases of childhood obesity. This paper will discuss type II diabetes, its causes and effects as well as its prevalence rate among other related issues. Type II Diabetes Type II diabetes is considered to be the most prevalent among the various types of diabetes that we have such as type 1 and gestational diabetes. This is due to the fact out of the approximated figure of 220 million people suffering from diabetes worldwide, 90% are said to be suffering from this type II diabetes (Zimmet, 2009). It is sad to note that a lot of people continue to lose their lives as a result of diabetes, which, according to health experts, is a d isease that is mostly reliant on our lifestyle and therefore is preventable. It is estimated that in the year 2004, 3.4 million patients lost their lives and to make matters worse, statistics indicate that the rate of deaths will have doubled in the period between 2005 and 2030. Currently, it is estimated that 285 million i.e. ... For example, India is believed to have the highest number of diabetic cases with approximately 51 million patients, followed by China with more than 43 million patients (Takrouri, 2007). This can be attributed to poverty, which makes it difficult for people to access medical services in terms of regular checkups so as to perform early diagnoses. Most people in these regions will find it necessary to visit a doctor when the condition has already become chronic and therefore more difficult to treat. This is made worse by the fact that type II diabetes is not easily detectable as it is considered as not having obvious symptoms in its early stages, which makes it almost impossible for someone to suspect that he or she is suffering from the disease. In fact, research indicates that a person can live with the disease for as long as 10 years or more without knowing (Chase, 2002). There are various symptoms which when observed, a person should take the step of consulting a doctor so as to co nfirm whether he or she is ill or not. These are for example frequent urination also known as polyuria, fatigue, increased hunger and thirst as well as unintended weight loss. Polyuria in this context results from high concentration of glucose in the blood, which triggers the flow of water from the cells through osmosis and into the bloodstream, in an effort to create a point of equilibrium (Elaine, 2007). Consequently, the water in the bloodstream increases and as a result, the kidney is forced to react by ejecting it out as urine and the cycle continues. By so doing, it means that a lot of water is discharged from the body unnecessarily and therefore, the patient becomes increasingly

Social Entrepreneurship, Innovation and the Changing Ethics of Essay

Social Entrepreneurship, Innovation and the Changing Ethics of Organisations - Essay Example It has tried to depict that organisations can act mutually i.e. make profit as well as develop society. Implications and Value The study puts forward an understanding of social entrepreneurship which initiates social transformation and addresses significant social requirements which cannot be conquered by direct monetary welfares of entrepreneurs. In order to succeed in fulfilling social objectives, social entrepreneurs should develop new methods for reducing the costs of business operations and production. Social entrepreneurs can also develop joint ventures with other organisations so that they can increase the value in the society. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Objectives 2 Approach/Method 3 Findings Summary 3 Implications and Value 3 Introduction 5 Context and Background 6 Literature Review 8 Theories of Entrepreneurship 8 Social Enterprise 9 Issues of Social Entrepreneurship 9 Social Entrepreneurs and Innovation 11 Social Entrepreneurship and Changing Ethics of Organisations 12 D ata & Methods 13 Analysis Framework 14 Case of Rough Trade Music Company 16 Case of TOMS Shoes 19 Findings and Discussion 24 Recommendations 26 Conclusion 28 References 29 Bibliography 34 Introduction Since the traditional Greek era, entrepreneurs have been appreciated for their significant involvement to the economy of a country. In present times, entrepreneurs are similarly appreciated and often observed as possessing high willingness behaviour to succeed. Entrepreneurs make selections and conduct activities which impact on people’s life. Their decision can reinforce or deteriorate the future of organisation’s upcoming business possibility (Hannafey, 2003). In present days, the social entrepreneurship has evolved... The paper tells that since the traditional Greek era, entrepreneurs have been appreciated for their significant involvement to the economy of a country. In present times, entrepreneurs are similarly appreciated and often observed as possessing high willingness behaviour to succeed. Entrepreneurs make selections and conduct activities which impact on people’s life. Their decision can reinforce or deteriorate the future of organisation’s upcoming business possibility. In present days, the social entrepreneurship has evolved which leads to the formation of new social enterprises and constant revolution in existing organisations. Social entrepreneurship is a multidimensional concept linking the countenance of entrepreneurially virtuous performance to accomplish the social duty, a comprehensible agreement of determination and act in the face of ethical complexity. It is the capability to identify social value-creating occasions and crucial decision making powers for innovati veness, reactiveness and risk-taking behavior. Social entrepreneurship is regarded as innovative and market based tactics reinforced by the passion for social fairness. It is the creation of individuals, organisations and systems that challenge traditional organisational structures resulting insufficient facility or inadequate sharing of social and environmental products. The concept of social entrepreneurship starts with the term ‘entrepreneurship’ where the word social essentially transforms the aspect. Social entrepreneurship is the blend of passion, social duty with an appearance of business based discipline, innovation and willpower.

Strategic Management for Dell Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management for Dell - Case Study Example This will help to come up with new production and operation mode that will take the company back to the top. In its earlier operation, the success of the company has been based on the two aspects that helped it to gain competitive advantage in the market. The first aspect was in its product model. While most of its competitors remain with the earlier production model where they would manufacture computers ready for sale, Dell utilized the post-fordism model of production in which products were tailored to the needs of the consumers. The end of the production process for other competitors acted as the starting point of production for Dell. This was an important process that helped it to keep track of the manufacturing process and ensured that the company had the control of the process right from the start to the time the product was delivered to the consumer. It was a production process that is lead by the descriptions of the consumers. However this had an effect on lowering the innovative part of the company. While other companies worked to develop computers that assumed new features, Dell remained to wait to the customer description in order to tailor made the products. (Darlin, 2006) The other aspect of growth for the company was the price advantage that it had over the other competitors. In this case the production model which ensured that the company had less expenses when it came to inventory control and therefore was able to market its product less. The marketing strategy for the company also helped to eliminate middle men in the process and delivered the product right from the company to the customer. This also reduced the price of its product. These are two of the strategies that the company should be working on in the new strategy. They are strategies which helped it to grow and which can also help it to acquire a large segment of the market again. Which are the specific areas that the companies need to address in its new strategy There are number of areas that the company will need to emphasize on in order to reclaim its market and to prosper in growth. These areas include the production process, marketing and meant penetration and diversification. Production process There are minor changes that need to be made in the production process. While the production process has helped the company to cut a competitive edge in the market, it has not been effective in helping it to address the various changes that arise in the operation environment. The production strategy was useful in the beginning when the level of completion was low but it has been losing its effectiveness with time owing to changes taking place in the environment. The production process was sensitive to the market the production cost and it helped to deliver production on time to the consumers. This shows that it helped to meet the demands of the consumer in having products made to their demand and to suit their tastes. But the competitors have been working on new strategies to beat this model while not copying the Dell production model. They have been banking on production of styled computers with many enhancement with are new to the consumers. Rather than going to ask from the consumer what they want so that they can tailor made computer for them, they have been

Composite Materials In Automotive Brake Disc

Composite Materials In Automotive Brake Disc Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the uses of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in the automotive industry, their advantages over current grey cast iron discs, their manufacturing processes and potential commercial applications. Cast iron brake discs consume much fuel due to its high specific gravity. As a result, a better and perhaps cheaper alternative is needed to fulfil the needs of high end automotive industries and even mid range consumer vehicles. INTRODUCTION Reducing green house gases and fuel consumption is a common goal for automotive industries and of paramount importance. Auto industries have dramatically increased the use of aluminium in light vehicles in order to reduce weight and help improve efficiency. Aluminium alloy based metal matrix composites (MMCs) with ceramic particulate reinforcement have shown great promise for such applications [1,2]. These materials having a lower density and higher thermal conductivity as compared to the conventionally used gray cast irons are expected to result in weight reduction of up to 50 60 % in brake systems [3]. Under severe service conditions like higher speed, higher load etc, these advanced materials have the potential to with stand these conditions. Basic mechanism of mechanical properties The high fracture toughness or crack resistance mentioned above is a result of the following mechanism: under load the ceramic matrix cracks, like any ceramic material, at an elongation of about 0.05%. In CMCs the embedded fibres bridge these cracks. This mechanism works only when the matrix can slide along the fibres, which means that there must be a weak bond between the fibres and matrix. A strong bond would require a very high elongation capability of the fibre bridging the crack, and would result in a brittle fracture, as with conventional ceramics. Thermal and electrical properties The thermal and electrical properties of the composite are a result of its constituents, namely fibers, matrix and pores as well as their composition. The orientation of the fibers yields anisotropic data. Oxide CMCs are very good  electrical insulators, and because of their high porosity their  thermal insulation  is much better than that of conventional oxide ceramics. The use of carbon fibers increases the  electrical conductivity, provided the fibers contact each other and the voltage source. Silicon carbide matrix is a good thermal conductor. Electrically, it is a  semiconductor, and its  resistance  therefore decreases with increasing temperature. Compared to (poly)crystalline SiC, the amorphous SiC fibers are relatively poor conductors of heat and electricity. CMC Brake Discs Disc brakes  are typically made out of grey cast iron. This material is has high tensile strength and can withstand a high temperature before failing. In high performance vehicles the amount of heat generated by friction when braking can be too great so the brakes fail or must be changed often. The failure is due to thermally induced fractures. Also these brakes can be heavy and susceptible to corrosion, which cause failure. Other composites have been tested such as Metal Matrix Composite, and Carbon Carbon Composites. The challenges with these materials are the ability to dissipate heat caused by friction isnt optimal at high enough temperatures. A typical grey cast iron disc brake can withstand a surface heat of 400 C before failure occurs. Type C/C-SiC is a Carbon fiber phase added to a Silicon Carbide matrix. The resulting material has increased strength with a lower density and high tribological characteristics. The most predominant feature is its ability to withstand high temperatures without failure. Due to its low coefficient of thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity, this CMC can retain its strength at high temperature. This CMC was manufactured as a disc brake with 2D reinforced discontinuous fibers. The fibers are placed perpendicular to the surface of friction to maximize Thermal conductivity. The result is a disc brake that can withstand surfaces temperatures of 1000 C with minimal wear. Problems There are multiple reasons for CMC disk brakes not being implemented among regular cars. Firstly, there is a low demand for high performance brakes due to the brakes themselves being rather expensive. As CMCs gain popularity, the cost of the raw material is expected to reduce, regardless of it being slightly expensive. Since regular cars arent used at high speeds, the amount of heat generated with low friction is small. As such, the Carbon Silicon Carbide brakes become inefficient and much weaker particularly in colder conditions. Thermal expansion of the composite and ceramic matrix results in this weakness. Cracking can occur on the surface of the brakes as the material expands at different rates under different temperatures. ADVANTAGES The integration of long multi-strand fibres has drastically increased the crack resistance,  elongation  and  thermal shock  resistance, and resulted in several new applications. As a result this has overcome the common problems associated with the conventional technical ceramics like alumina, silicon carbide, aluminium nitride, silicon nitride, or zirconia. Elongation  to rupture up to 1% Strongly increased  fracture toughness Extreme  thermal shock  resistance Improved dynamical load capability Anisotropic  properties following the orientation of fibers In comparison to the conventional grey cast iron brake disk the carbon-ceramic brake disk Weighed round 50 per cent less reducing the unsprung mass by almost 20 kilograms Improved brake response and fading data High thermal stableness No hot judder Excellent pedal feel Improved steering behavior High abrasion resistance and this longer life time and the advantage of avoiding almost completely brake dust The table below shows the properties of grey cast iron and its advanced alternatives (SGL Group n.d.) Property Unit Material C/SiC material, general C/SiC for carbon- ceramic brake disk Gray cast iron (GG-20) Density g cm-3 1,8 2,9 2,45 7,25 Tensile strength MPa (=N mm-2) 10 240 20 40 200 250 Modulus of elasticity GPa 20 240 30 90 110 Flexural strength MPa (=N mm-2) 20 210 50 80 150 250 Elongation at break % 0.05 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.8 Thermal shock resistance   (second thermal coefficient K) W m-1 26.500 46.000 > 27.000 < 5.400 Thermal stability  °C 1350 1350 approx. 700 Maximum operating temperature   (brake disk)  °C 1400   non-oxidizing 900 700 Linear coefficient of thermal expansion K-1 1.0 3.5 2.6 3.0 9 12 Thermal conductivity W m-1K-1 20 150 40 54 Specific heat capacity (cp) kJkg-1K-1 0.6 1.7 0.8 0.5 Manufacturing Processes There are currently 5 known manufacturing procedures for matrix forming. They are: Matrix deposition from a gas phase Matrix forming via pyrolysis of C- and Si-containing polymers Matrix forming via chemical reaction Matrix forming via sintering Matrix formed via electrophoresis Matrix deposition from a gas phase involves a process known as chemical vapour deposition where in the presence of a fibre perform, the deposition takes place between the fibres and their individual filaments and thus called chemical vapour infiltration. Pyrolysis (Pyrolysis  is a  thermo chemical  decomposition  of  organic material  at elevated temperatures without the participation of  oxygen) of C- and Si-containing polymers involves hydrocarbon  polymers to shrink during  pyrolysis, and upon  out gassing  form carbon with an amorphous, glass-like structure, which by additional heat treatment can be changed to a more  graphite-like structure. Matrix formation via chemical reaction works by one material being located between the fibres that react with a second material to form the ceramic matrix. Sintering is used to manufacture oxide fibre/oxide matrix CMC materials. Special  precursor  liquids are used to infiltrate the pre-form of oxide fibres. In the  electrophoresis  process, electrically charged particles are dispersed in a special liquid are transported through an  electric field  into the preform, which has the opposite electrical charge polarity. Application in Brake Discs Carbon/carbon  (C/C) materials have found their way into the  disk brakes  of  racing cars  and  airplanes, and C/SiC brake disks manufactured by the LSI process were qualified and are commercially available for  luxury vehicles. The advantages of these C/SiC disks are: Very little wear, resulting in lifetime use for a car with a normal driving load of 300,000  km, is forecast by manufacturers. No  fading  is experienced, even under high load. No surface  humidity  effect on the friction coefficient shows up, as in C/C brake disks. The corrosion resistance, for example to the road salt, is much better than for metal disks. The disk mass is only 40% of a metal disk. This translates into less unsprung and rotating mass. The weight reduction improves shock absorber response, road-holding comfort, agility, fuel economy, and thus driving comfort. The SiC-matrix of LSI has a very low porosity, which protects the carbon fibers quite well. Brake disks do not experience temperatures above 500  °C for more than a few hours in their lifetime. Oxidation is therefore not a problem in this application. The reduction of manufacturing costs will decide the success of this application for middle-class cars.

scent of women :: essays research papers fc

The scent of women   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is safe to say that most women like to smell good. Perfume holds the power that woman are what they wear. Women’s magazines everywhere show ad after ad about perfume and what she will be able to do once they wear it. However, not all women have the same tastes and interests. In order for perfume ads to be successful, advertisers cannot just use one kind of formula to appeal to attract women. Sporty women compared to high class conservative women probably do not have the same taste in perfume, as would a teenager compared to a 50-year-old woman. Advertisers must use a variety of tactics to sell women’s perfume in order to appeal to the different types and personalities of today’s women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many perfume ad campaigns nowadays use simple women doing simple things but clearly enjoying it. The ad campaign for Clinique’s perfume lines is a very good example of this. In the May issue of Teen People, the ad for Clinique’s perfume, â€Å"Happy,† shows a woman wearing a sleeveless turtleneck sweater. Although not clearly shown, the girl seems to have a huge smile on her face but is hidden behind her turtleneck. The caption of the ad says â€Å"Clinique happy.† Although it is a simple ad, it deems as effective toward women. Featured in a magazine targeted to teens, the girl in the ad is young looking, which would relate to teens. As for older women, it would appeal to them as well so they too can feel young and fresh again. Another ad for a Clinique perfume is for â€Å"Simply,† found in Cosmopolitan magazine. The name of the perfume alone, says it all. The ad shows a bottle of the â€Å"Simply† perfume set on top of a table with a woman’s fingertips lingering on top of the bottle. This ad doesn’t even use a woman’s face, which is a different approach from many other perfume ads. The entire ad looks to be of one shade, like a golden skin tone color, which shows a very simple lifestyle. The woman’s fingers show no trace of a manicure or glamorous looking nail polish. It just shows a woman’s bare, yet beautiful hands. Also, the fact that the table used in the ad is made of wood, this shows of simple living. The ad uses wood that reminds readers of nature and not marble and glass.

Sample Solution Algorithm to Determine Meal Charges

Week 2 Activity – Meal Purchase TCO #2– Given a simple business problem, design a solution algorithm that uses arithmetic expressions and built-in functions. Assignment: Your goal is to solve the following simple programming exercise. You have been contracted by a local restaurant to design an algorithm determining the total meal charges. The algorithm should ask the user for the total food purchase and the tip percent. Then, the algorithm will calculate the amount of a tip, a 7% sales tax, and the total meal charge (including tip). The food purchase, sales tax, tip amount, and total meal charge will need to be displayed to the customer. Be sure to THINK about the logic and design first (IPO chart and pseudocode), then code the Visual Logic command line processing. Display all output using currency formatting (built-in Visual Logic function). Advanced (optional): use a constants for the 7% sales tax. Rubric: When completed staple the following documents together neatly in 1,2,3,4 order: †¢This instruction sheet first †¢The IPO Chart, second †¢The Pseudocode, third †¢The Flowchart and output example last. Point distribution for this application: Meal Purchase Document: Points possible: Points received IPO Chart Pseudocode 6 Flowchart 8 Total Points 20 IPO Chart: Input Processing Output Enter Total Food Purchase Price Calculate Food price Add Tip %* Total Food Purchased Add 7% tax * Total Food Purchased Total Meal Charge Pseudocode: Begin mealPurchase Total Food Purchased Imput total Purchased Food Amount Please enter the amount for tip percent Imput tip percent Set total tip = tip percent/ 100 Set total tip=total tip * Total food purchased amount Set total tax= sales tax/100 Set total tax= total tax* = total food purchased amount End Flowchart: Example Output after execution:

The eNotes Blog Slim ShadyShakespeareTuning up theBard

Slim ShadyShakespeareTuning up theBard . I just finished teaching Twelfth Night to my college freshmen and sophomores. I wanted to find a way to have them connect with the play in a way that might be enjoyable and spark their creativity. What I settled on was music. If there is anything late teens and early twenty-somethings can agree on, its that its much more fun to listen to music than to, say, figure out why on earth nobody recognizes Viola as Cesario. To that end, I asked teams of 2-3 students to update one or more of the songs in the play AND set them to a modern beat. As amenable as they all seemed to be to the idea, I wasnt sure how fair this project would be to some of the less musically-inclined of our class. There are a fair number of musicians: a guitar player, a few rappers, somebody who plays piano. But of course, there are many more with musical ability pretty well limited to hitting Download Now. As the teams first began to work, there was the predictable whining of   I dont know what this meeeeeeeeeeeannnnnns! but after walking them through a line or two, most realized they were making the task harder than it need have been. For example, take these lines from Festes song in Act 2.4: Fly away, fly away breath; / I am slain by a fair cruel maid. The lines were re-written and   performed (see link below) by two of my own Clowns, in rap, to the tune of Ice, Ice, Baby: I can feel my spirit drifting away; / A beautiful girl has done me this way. Thats part of the beauty of Shakespeare, is it not? It didnt take my class long to catch on because Shakespeare consistently speaks to human emotions and situations that are universal and timeless. Other students took the project in different ways. There was a lovely rendition of Festes song Oh Mistress Mine, from Act 2.3. For this song, the student wrote his own music and took it in a kind of gentle, John Mayer-ish direction. Another group of girls, who professed that they had zero musical talent, found a couple modern recordings of songs in the play and blended them together using a music editing program to create an interesting techno-beat. As always when assigning creative work, I give the class a great deal of freedom. As Olivia says, Love sought is good, but giv’n unsought is better (3.1.122). I think the same can be said for creativity. Get out of the way and let it happen.

Qualitative Research Assignment Essay Essays

Qualitative Research Assignment Essay Essays Qualitative Research Assignment Essay Paper Qualitative Research Assignment Essay Paper 1. Was there a clear statement of the purposes of the research? Yes. In the article. the purpose of the research was to understand the experience of participants. their cognition about type 2 diabetes. and the factors of medicine attachment in Malaysia. Harmonizing to Susan ( 2010 ) . the five constituents of PICOT are population. issue. context. result. and clip. Harmonizing to Al-Qazaz et Al ( 2011 ) . the PICOT was presented by the research worker in the survey were. Phosphorus: Type 2diabetes patients with receiving of hypoglycaemic medicine. I: Identifying participants’ perceptual experience. and their cognition about type 2 diabetes disease and medicine. Degree centigrade: USM clinic of Malaysia. where the survey took topographic point. Oxygen: It helps people populating with type 2 diabetes to hold a diverse apprehension by associating with other people’s experiences. Thymine: March and April of 2009. Qualitative PICOT is a model to assist in explicating effectual clinical inquiry in a step-by measure mode ( Melnyk and Fineout. 2010 ) . 2. Is a qualitative methodological analysis appropriate? Yes. Qualitative research is to analyze a person’s behaviour and lived experiences related to what is being studied in the research ( Denzin and Lincoln. 2011 ) . The cardinal features of qualitative survey in this article included a little sample size. in-depth interview ( semi-structured ) . research worker affecting during interview. non comparings and non numerical. In qualitative survey. sample size are normally little that achieve in-depth apprehension of the experiences or feeling of the participants ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . Meanwhile. a semi-structured interview was used to roll up informations by gulling participants’ thoughts originating until no more new subjects emerging. Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . semi-structured interview can supply rich and elaborate information during phenomenon survey. In this survey. a phenomenological attack was used to depict the purpose of the research. It is to understand the experiences of diabetic patients in Malaysia. and research their cognition about the medicines that they have been taking. Harmonizing to Judith ( 2007 ) . qualitative research is characterized by its purposes to understand the experiences and attitudes of patients. In brief. a qualitative methodological analysis is appropriate to this research. 3. Be the research design appropriate to turn to the purposes of the research? Yes. Harmonizing to NCBI ( 2014 ) . a Phenomenological survey can likely research participant’s lived experience. beliefs about the efficaciousness of the medicine. side-effects of drug and participants’ attachment to the intervention government. By the square. in this article. the purpose is to understand the participants’ experience and research their cognition and medicine attachment related on type 2 diabetes. Therefore. phenomenological attack is appropriate to turn to the purposes of the research. The advantages of Phenomenological survey is to uncover patients’ beliefs and experiences by a flexible manner to research the respondents’ attitude. and leting deep understanding about cognition and feeling of participants ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . However. its restriction is that samples are frequently little set and the research workers are non trying to generalise the findings. 4. Be the enlisting scheme appropriate to the purposes of the research? Yes. The research worker recruited participants from USM clinic and who were diagnosed type 2 diabetes while taking on hypoglycaemic medicines through a convenience sampling. Harmonizing to HRDAG ( 2013 ) . convenience sampling is to enroll participants from a peculiar clinical scene during informations aggregation of a qualitative research. Furthermore. convenience sampling is easy and efficient to pull out the greatest possible information from the new instances in the sample. until there is no new informations could be obtained and the redundancy of informations impregnation was achieved ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . However. convenience sampling may non be a preferable sampling in qualitative research due to unable to convey out the most information-rich beginnings and the representative of the population ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . In this article. the information was merely obtained in one specific clinic. that would impact the credibleness of consequence. such as the inauspicious effects of medicine. and the satisfaction rates from wellness suppliers. It would be better if the research worker usage purpose trying into the survey. Purpose sampling is to take participants based on specific intents. and it is chiefly used in qualitative research ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . it can accomplish representativeness of the population and provide credibleness of the consequence. because the research worker will non merely concentrate on one clinic during enlisting of participants. 5. Were the informations collected in a manner that addressed the research issues? Yes. A semi-structured interview was developed for informations collection of the research. Semi-structured interview is a paper-based interview usher which contain open-ended inquiries and the participant to follows ( RWJF. 2008 ) . Furthermore. Semi-structured interview provide rich. elaborate information in the phenomenon survey ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . In the survey. the research worker has described in-depth interview to research patients’ beliefs and experiences. Besides. a consent signifier was signed by participants before interview. a direct Tell phone contact for set uping a clip of interview. Further more. all the interview has been audiotaped. and the research worker did line by line analysis and coding the information to place the cardinal subjects. The research worker interpreted to the participants who could non understand English during the interviewing by interpreting from a staff nurse to avoid prejudice that might impact the findings. In short. the informations collected were to the full addressed the research issue of this survey. 6. Have the relationship between research worker and participants been adequately considered? Yes. Qualitative research workers need to develop a strong relationships with participants in the survey to set up credibleness ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . In the article. all the participants were informed the intent of this survey. and a consent signifier was signed by each of them. The research worker besides made phone call to set up clip and topographic point that participants would wish to take for each interview. Besides. they are allowed to show their ain positions at the clip of interview. From the analysis above we can see the participants have been to the full respected by the research worker to derive their trust. Therefore. the relationship between research worker and participants has been adequately considered in this survey ( Al-Qazaz et al 2011 ) . However. there was no reference about reflexiveness by the research worker in this article. Harmonizing to RWJF ( 2008 ) . it described that reflexiveness is a procedure usage to exam researcher’s relationship to the respondent that refers to how the researcher’s values. beliefs. familiarities and involvements influence his/her research. It would be better if it is mentioned about how the research worker located herself or himself in the survey. the readers can place how it affect the information obtaining. that will derive the findings of the research to be more believable ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . 7. Have ethical issues been taken into history? Yes. In the survey. a regard for human self-respect was to the full presented based on informing the participants about the intent of survey. administering a consent signifier. and a direct phone contact before interview. The participants have been to the full respected by the research worker to profit every bit good as the individual’s rights. Besides. they are allowed to show their ain positions at the clip of interview. and the participants can take topographic point where they feel more convenience to be interviewed. It gave researcher a opportunity to research the depth-richness informations from participants. and heighten the participants’ liberty and namelessness in the survey. Further more. the survey was besides approved by the local moralss commission. In short. the ethical issues have been taken into the survey every bit good. There was no coercion could be found in the survey. However. the research worker did non advert about the confidentiality and how was data protected. Besides. they did non advert how many times participants understanding were checked before the consent signifier given. Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . it is described that it must cover with ethical issues if the surveies affecting human existences. because the human rights must be protected. 8. Be the information analysis sufficiently strict? Yes. In the survey. the research worker has described clearly that a transcript of 12 audiotaped in-depth interviews were dual checked for its truth. And the research worker identified the emerging subjects via line by line informations analysis and coding the relevant content informations into classs until the informations impregnation was met and no more new informations emerging from the interviews. Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . informations impregnation is a measuring of sample size that based on informational demands under the survey. It is to accomplish the cogency of informations analysis until no more new information can be obtained. However. the research worker failed to advert about member checking in this survey. It is non clear whether the research worker asked participants to reexamine and notice on the instance summaries or bill of exchanges of the research study. It will consequence the credibleness of the information. Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . member look intoing defined as the research worker confirm their informations truth by supplying a feedback to the participants during informations are being collected to guarantee that participants’ significance were understood. and it is for heightening proof of the research. Further more. the research worker mentioned their informations were analyzed by utilizing agencies of a standard content analysis model. Its purpose was achieved by a appropriate phenomenological design in this survey which have been discussed in inquiry two. Furthermore. the asperity and cogency can besides ensue in developing trustiness of qualitative research. and the five standard for rating the trustiness in the research include in credibleness. dependableness. confirmability. transferability. and genuineness ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . In the survey. a phenomenological design was conducted with a semi-structured interview of informations aggregation. and coding method for informations analysis. this can be sufficiently proved its credibleness. dependableness. and confirmability. Therefore. it can be said the information analysis of this survey is sufficient strict. 9. Is at that place a clear statement of findings? Yes. Four major subjects were clear stated in the survey which included ( 1 ) . Participants’knowledge about type 2 diabetes and its medicines ; ( 2 ) . Side-effects of medicines ; ( 3 ) . attachment issues ; ( 4 ) . relationship with household on wellbeing ( Al-Qazaz et al 2011 ) . Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . the research workers interpret the information by rereading. categorizing and cryptography. so developing a information analysis to indicate out the subjects into a incorporate whole. In this survey. the research worker used qualitative design to see progressively the transferability of the findings to reflect the true experiences of the participants. It is relevancy and accurately from the information. and give reader thought to the deductions of the survey for future research and pattern. Meanwhile. the research worker are in the best place to show their restrictions what they have been cognizant from the survey. Consequently. it told readers that the rese arch workers have done what they could make to vouch the findings were clearly and accurately every bit good. 10. How valuable is the research? The intent of qualitative research findings was described to research participants’ experiences to develop a specific nursing intercession for bettering a better results of patients. and as a potentially applicable grounds influencing in future pattern ( NCBI. 2011 ) . Overview this survey. a phenomenological attack that explore the purpose of the research. it is to understand the experience of participants. their cognition about type 2 diabetes. and the factors of medicine attachment in Malaysia. Besides. it allows a deep apprehension about cognition and feeling of participants ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . Furthermore. a semi-structured interview was used to supply rich and elaborate information during the survey for its cogency ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . Further. a convenience trying recruited participants and pull out the greatest possible information to accomplish informations impregnation for its cogency. Meanwhile. the ethical issues has been taken into history by the research workers to profit every bit good as the individual’s rights. On the other side. the research worker demonstrated their restrictions what they aware of the survey to heighten the findings more clearly and accurately. Sing quantitative findings. it is non generalizable that can be applied to full populations. nevertheless. it is generalizable in a manner this peculiarly pertinent to nursing pattern in which there is an outlook that scientific determination. and supply cognition about human experiences to readers for future research. Thus it can be seen. the research is rather valuable. Decision Critical assessment is a procedure to judge weather a research is usefulness or its findings are trusty ( Young and Solomon. 2009 ) . The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme ( CASP ) produced a simple critical assessment checklist usher people developing their accomplishments what they need to do sense of scientific grounds ( Burls. 2009 ) . All of above. by following the CASP checklist in quantitative research. it was presented a Randomized Controlled Trial Appraisal Tool. to measure the effectivity of intercession. a big sample size and a blinding to accomplish the dependability of the result and prevent prejudice. a intention-to-treat analysis to compromise the cogency of the survey. Furthermore. generalizability of the survey can be patterns in other states and helpful for farther survey. However. in qualitative research. the CASP is helped to understanding people’s lived experience and research participant’s experience of taking the drugs. beliefs about the efficaciousness of the drug. side-effects and the attachment of intervention government. A phenomenological method has been used in the qualitative survey through a semi-structured interview. convenience sampling and coding to uncover patient’s beliefs and experiences. and leting apprehension of the cognition and get bying schemes in which the quantitative research is unable to cover. More. in this qualitative survey. sample size is tend to be little. and the determination is non generalized ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . Both of research workers have considered cogency. findings. and its relevancy. However. in the qualitative article. if the research worker usage a intent trying method and reference about reflexiveness and member checking during informations aggregation. that will heighten cogenc y of the findings to be more accurate. Mention 1. Aveyard H and Sharp P ( 2009 ) A Beginner’s Guide to Evidence Based Practice in Health and Social Care Professions. Glasgow: Open University Press. 2. Al-Qazaz H. Hassali M and Sulaiman S ( 2011 ) Percept and cognition of patients with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia about their disease and medicine: A qualitative survey. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 7: 180-191. 3. Bandolier ( no day of the month ) Intention-to-treat analysis ( ITT ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. medical specialty. ox. Ac. uk/bandolier/booth/glossary/itt. hypertext markup language [ Accessed 5/92014 ] . 4. Chan Z. Fung Y and Chien W ( 2013 ) Bracketing in Phenomenology: Merely Undertaken in the Data Collection and Analysis Process? The Qualitative Report. Volume 18. Article 59. 1-9 [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nova. edu/ssss/QR/QR18/chan59. pdf ( accessed 26/10/2014 ) 5. Denzin N and Lincoln Y ( Eds ) ( 2011 ) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research ( 4thedition ) . Thousand Oaks: Sage 6. Human Rights Data Analysis Group ( 2013 ) Convenience Samples: What they are. and what they should ( and should non ) be used for [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //hrdag. org/convenience-samples-what-they-are/ ( accessed 3/9/2014 ) 7. LONDON SCHOOL of HYGLENE and TROPICAL MEDICINE ( no day of the month ) Qualitative methods utile for agribusiness. nutrition and wellness programmes. [ on-line ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //ble. lshtm. Ac. uk/pluginfile. php/54407/mod_resource/content/107/ANH101/sessions/S1S2/ANH101_S1S2_040_010. hypertext markup language ( accessed 28/10/2014 ) 8. Melnyk B. M and Fineout-Overholt E ( Eds ) ( 2010 ) Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing A ; Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice ( 2nd edition ) . United kingdom: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 9. MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES ( 2007 ) A Guide to Using Qualitative Research Methodology [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //fieldresearch. msf. org/msf/bitstream/10144/84230/1/Qualitative % 20research % 20methodology. pdf ( accessed 28/10/2014 ) 10. Melling A. Ali B. Scott E and Leaper D ( 2001 ) Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of lesion infection after clean surgery: a randomized controlled test. The lancet. 358: 876-880. 11. NCBI ( 2014 ) A phenomenological survey to research the experiences of Ugandan adult females that have undergone transvaginal ultrasound [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ncbi. nlm. National Institutes of Health. gov/pmc/articles/PMC4175835/ ( accessed 1/9/2014 ) 12. NCBI ( 2011 ) Qualitative Research Findings as Evidence: Utility in Nursing Practice. [ on-line ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ncbi. nlm. National Institutes of Health. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021785/ [ Accessed 13 Nov. 2014 ] . 13. Polit D and Beck C ( Eds ) ( 2011 ) Nursing RESEARCH Generating and measuring Evidence for Nursing Practice ( 9th edition ) . United kingdom: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 14. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ( 2008 ) Qualitative Research Guidelines Project Semi-structured Interviews [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. qualres. org/HomeSemi-3629. hypertext markup language [ Accessed 11 Nov. 2014 ] . 15. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ( 2008 ) Qualitative Research Guidelines Project what is reflexiveness [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. qualres. org/HomeRefl-3703. hypertext markup language [ Accessed 12 Nov. 2014 ] . 16. Susan B. S. Fineout-Overholt E. Melnyk B. M and Williamson K. M ( 2010 ) Asking the Clinical Question: A Cardinal Measure in Evidence-Based Practice. The American Journal of Nursing. Vol. 110. No. 3. 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